The church's first temple was completed in Kirtland, Ohio, United States in 1836. Nauvoo grew rapidly and for a few years was one of the most populous cities in Illinois. The first three rooms were decorated with murals representing, the creation of the world, the Garden of Eden, and the world after the fall of Adam and Eve. [4], In 2020, like all the church's other temples, the Nauvoo Illinois Temple was closed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.[5]. The Mormon community was initially welcomed and expanded rapidly into a permanent, thriving center of Mormon religion, but over the cour… An Act to Repeal the Act Entitled “An Act to Incorporate the City of Nauvoo,” Approved December 16, 1840 [29 Jan. 1845], Laws of the State of Illinois [1844–1845], pp. George Miller, one of the church's bishops, was made its "Worshipful Master" or leader. He wrote, "I go emphatically, virtuously, and humanely, for a Theodemocracy, where God and the people hold the power to conduct the affairs of men in righteousness. Construction materials and furniture were derived from the original design as well. The trail’s end, in far off Utah Territory, was a difficult, perilous road those who had just left Illinois had little choice but to traverse. and Sidney Rigdon gave the dedicatory speech. Whittaker (2008). Comprehensive Works Cited The church's "Traveling High Council" (or Quorum of the Twelve) led by President Brigham Young oversaw the church's missionary activities. Nauvoo is historic in more ways than one, and you may be surprised that its roots are embedded in the Mormon story. [24] After the departure of the Mormons, the temple stood until destroyed by arsonists on November 19, 1848. Permanent settlement by non-natives was reportedly begun in 1824 by Captain James White. It has an area of 54,000 square feet (5,000 m2). The destruction of the press was seen as an opportunity by critics such as Thomas Sharp, whose paper in nearby Warsaw had been openly calling for destruction of the Church. This page tells about the first stop on the Mormon Trail - Nauvoo, Illinois Early Nauvoo. Church leaders and architects carefully worked to replicate the original exterior design of the 19th-century temple, which was damaged by an arson fire in 1848 and by a tornado on May 27, 1850. After being expelled from Missouri by the Extermination Order, members the Mormon Church found refuge in the city of Quincy, Illinois, and surrounding areas in January of 1839. The interior floor plan of the temple is noticeably different from the original structure in which the endowment ceremony assumed its present format. On April 3, 1999, plans were announced to rebuild the temple on the historic site where it once stood. Finally, on April 16, a frien… Nauvoo Illinois Temple. Nauvoo, the old Mormon holy city in Illinois, might well be characterized as a ghost town, almost, but it is far from dead. Missouri forced Illinois into an extradition arrangement for the Mormon leader, but the municipal courts in Nauvoo thwarted it, in a scandalous act of disregard for the rule of law. This was the most significant time in which the Latter Day Saints were involved in Freemasonry. Emma Hale Smith, Joseph's widow, continued to live in Nauvoo with her family after the departure of the majority of the Latter Day Saints. Nauvoo Pageant Family Cast. Joseph Smith, Jr. introduced and expanded a number of distinct practices while the Latter Day Saint church was headquartered in Nauvoo. Within two years of Joseph Smith's death by a mob in 1844, most of the population had departed, fleeing armed violence. Smith, his brother Hyrum, and several other church leaders submitted to arrest. Located in the town of Nauvoo, the temple's construction was announced on April 4, 1999, by church president Gordon B. Hinckley. Listen. In 1860, their son, Joseph Smith III, claimed to receive a revelation to take his place as Prophet/President of a group known as the "Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints". Although it mostly existed on paper, the University of Nauvoo was established, with Bennett as chancellor. Media related to Nauvoo, Illinois at Wikimedia Commons It is the third such temple that has been built in Illinois (the original Nauvoo Temple and Chicago Illinois Temple being the others). According to one witness: The process of whittling out an officer was as follows: A great tall man by the name of Hosea Stout was the captain of the Whittling society, and he had about a dozen assistants. Although it was purported to be a "wolf hunt", it was known that the "wolves" to be hunted were the Mormons. He also established a newspaper named the Nauvoo Expositor which threatened to expose the practice of plural marriage; only one issue was published. Works related to Nauvoo Charter at Wikisource, The "Mormon War in Illinois" and the Mormon Exodus. This is an excerpt from The Gathering: Mormon Pioneers on the Trail to Zion. The Presidents of the Church: Biographical Essays. In the early and mid 20th century Nauvoo was primarily a Catholic town, and the majority of the population today is Catholic. [20] Illinoisans, generally unaware of the Church's and Smith's legal history in Missouri, began to consider this a serious subversion of the judiciary which weakened the legal position of Nauvoo and the Latter Day Saint leadership. However, the nearby city of Carthage was selected instead. In 1834, absentee investors A. In early 1839, Latter Day Saints were forced to flee Missouri as a result of the 1838 Mormon War and a legal proclamation known as Missouri Executive Order 44 issued by Governor Lilburn W. Boggs. B. Teas laid out and plotted the town of Commerce on a bend of the Mississippi River in Hancock County, some 53 miles (85 km) north of Quincy. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}40°33′1.216800″N 91°23′2.972399″W / 40.55033800000°N 91.38415899972°W / 40.55033800000; -91.38415899972. Wherever possible, each resident will be documented from birth to … In the 1950s and 1960s many new buildings were built: a monastery (1954), high school (1957), and dormitory (1967). In 1839, a beleaguered, exiled group known as the Church of Latter Day Saints of Jesus Christ—also known as the Mormons—crossed the Missouri border into Jackson County, Illinois. After Smith's assassination, the agitation against Mormons continued. Memorial Day Weekend thru Labor Day Weekend. Fleeing from years of violent persecution by non-Mormons, the Mormons set up the city of Nauvoo under the aegis of their prophet, Joseph Smith, the founder and first prophet of the Church. A large village of Sauk and Meskwaki lived along the Mississippi River near what is Nauvoo, established in the late 18th century; this village had as many as 1,000 lodges. In 1907 a boys school, Spalding Institute, was built. At Nauvoo, the conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons escalated into what is sometimes called the "Mormon War in Illinois." The convent was expanded in 1892 and a new school building built in 1897. Participants will have many opportunities to share the gospel message with audience members and other visitors in Nauvoo while hosting the Country Fair celebration and performing in the pageant. They all had great bowie knives and would get a long piece of pine board and get up close to the officer and pretend to be cutting the pine board, but would cut over it and cut near the officer. [14] The organization was meant to be fully functional only in the absence of secular government, and its governing principles were to be based on the United States Constitution. Nauvoo--Views Description Reverse cropped image of daguerreotype of Nauvoo, Illinois in 1846 (probably taken by Lucien Foster) This is the only known photograph of Nauvoo, Illinois during the time it was the headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. After being expelled from Missouri by the Extermination Order, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormon Church) found refuge in the city of Quincy, Illinois, in January of 1839. In 1866, Smith moved from Nauvoo to Plano, Illinois, where the church's printing house had been established. Young proved more loyal than Bennett, helping Smith promote the teachings of the Church and the practice of plural marriage with greater discretion. After the temple was completed, a public open house from 6 May to 22 June 2002 attracted over 250,000 visitors to tour the temple. In late 1839, arriving Mormons bought the small town of Commerce, and in April 1840 it was renamed "Nauvoo" (a Hebrew word meaning "beautiful place" or "city beautiful") by Joseph Smith, the latter day prophet of the Latter Day Saint movement. On April 6, 1841, the Nauvoo Legion drilled in a great parade to honor the laying of the cornerstone for a new temple. One of the canvas "rooms" was decorated with potted plants to suggest the Garden of Eden. The lodge admitted far more members than was normal in Masonic practice and quickly elevated church leaders to high roles. Although not publicly acknowledged, Smith had been practicing plural marriage for some time, and in Nauvoo he began to teach other leaders the doctrine. But it didn't simply die. Contact. The presiding high council, known as the Nauvoo High Council and led by Nauvoo Stake President William Marks, was next in administrative authority, overseeing the church's legislative and judicial affairs. "Searching for Quashquame's Sauk and Meskwaki Village", harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFord1860 (, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Latter Day Saints were involved in Freemasonry, True Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Explanation regarding the Hebrew origin of the city's name, "Illinois Tells Mormons It Regrets Expulsion", "It Seems Like Heaven Began on Earth: Joseph Smith and the Constitution of the Kingdom of God", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nauvoo,_Illinois&oldid=983029304#The_"Mormon_War_in_Illinois"_and_the_Mormon_Exodus, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 20:32. [citation needed]. The military band and a detachment of Invincibles (part of the Legion) were on shore ready to receive and escort them to the grove, but they refused to come on shore until I went down. The Icarian historical collection is located at the Western Illinois University library in Macomb. I accordingly went down, and met Keokuk, Kis-ku-kosh, Appenoose, and about one hundred chiefs and braves of those tribes, with their families." Nauvoo, originally called Commerce City, was founded in 1839 by leader of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), Joseph Smith. White and J. Ordinances will be performed by appointment only and limited to members residing in a designated geographic area. [15] Overblown reports of the organization, which met in secret, helped fuel rumors of an aggressive theocracy with Joseph Smith as its king. Groundbreaking was conducted on October 24, 1999 and the cornerstones were laid November 5, 2000. The majestic building is a faithful reproduction of the original Nauvoo Temple built by settlers of the Church in the 1840s and destroyed by arson fire in 1848 and tornado-force winds in 1850. In general, the buildings were detached single-family dwellings reminiscent of New England construction styles, with commercial and industrial buildings in the same pattern. Church elder Alpheus Cutler was put in charge of the construction of the ambitious stone structure. It is built in the same location as the original structure that was dedicated in 1846. "[18], As the Mormon population grew, non-Mormons in Hancock County, especially in the towns of Warsaw and Carthage, felt threatened by the political power of the growing Mormon voting bloc. A portion of the Nauvoo Legion, Smith's militia, marched into the office, wrecked the press and burned every copy of the Nauvoo Expositor that could be found. Throughout much of the Nauvoo period, officials from Missouri attempted to arrest Smith and extradite him on charges relating to the Mormon War. Dissatisfaction with the perceived theocracy also arose from within. They regrouped in Quincy, whose non-Mormon citizens were shocked by the harsh treatment given them in Missouri and opened their homes to the refugees. By 1827 other white settlers had built cabins in the area. [12] Many new residents came from the British Isles, as a result of a successful LDS mission established there. Nauvoo was the central location of the Church and home to most of its members from 1839 to 1846. Nauvoo's population peaked at about this time in 1845; it may have had as many as 12,000 inhabitants (and several nearly as large suburbs) — rivaling Chicago, whose 1845 population was about 15,000. In early 1846, the majority of the Latter Day Saints left the city. Bennett was subsequently expelled from Nauvoo in the summer of 1842, and Smith himself became the city's second mayor. However, as he later recalled: The malcontents abandoned their design, and all the leaders of it fled to Missouri. Opponents of the Mormons in Warsaw and Carthage began to agitate for the expulsion from Illinois of the Latter Day Saints. The name of the school was changed to St. Mary's Academy, and the convent became St. Mary's Convent. [1], In 1841, Joseph Smith, living in Nauvoo, was visited by Sauk and Meskwaki from the Iowa village. 1986. He renamed the town "Nauvoo", meaning "to be beautiful". "The ferryman brought over a great number on the ferry-boat and two flat boats for the purpose of visiting me. About a week later, on September 16, Daniel H. Wells and the Mormon leadership of Nauvoo surrendered to the mob and arranged for their people's evacuation from the town and expulsion across the Mississippi River into the Iowa Territory. PHASE 2: TEMPLE OPEN FOR LIVING ORDINANCES ONLY—Based on First Presidency direction, this temple has resumed limited operations. Forced to leave the State of Missouri by order of the governor, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (commonly called Mormons or Latter Day Saints) began streaming into Illinois and the then Iowa Territory in the harsh winter of 1838-39. Many of these events have become regional traditions and attract people from around the world. The angel held a book in one hand and a trumpet in the other. By the end of 1845 it became clear that no peace was possible between LDS church members and antagonized locals. 187–188. Under the prophetic leadership of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, Latter-day Saints worked together to build a community and a temple there. In the late-1950s, and then in 1962, agents for the LDS Church completed the purchase of the temple lot.[3]. By 1829 this area of Hancock County had grown sufficiently so that a post office was needed, and in 1832 the town, now called "Venus", was one of the contenders for the new county seat. Historic Nauvoo marker near the Nauvoo … [citation needed]. The use of murals resumed again in 2001 with the opening of the Columbia River Washington Temple. In Nauvoo, Joseph Smith was not only president of the Church, he was mayor, head of the municipal court, and general of the militia. He personally took over the editorship of the Saint's Herald, and Plano became the headquarters of the church. Due to declining enrollment St. Mary's Academy closed in June 1997. Photo by Kenneth Mays. Bennett's fall led to Brigham Young becoming more prominent among Smith's confidants. 217-577-2603. The church's first temple was completed in Kirtland, Ohio, United States in 1836. After the charter was passed, Bennett was elected Nauvoo's first mayor, and Smith made Bennett a member of the church's First Presidency. He also organized a group of church members from the Chicago Illinois Stake, co-led by Ariel S. Williams, to clear and beautify the recently purchased land. The Mormon Trail - Stop 1 - Nauvoo, Illinois. While awaiting trial in Carthage, the county seat, under assurance of safety from Illinois governor Ford, Joseph and Hyrum Smith were assassinated when a vigilante mob attacked the jail. Galland approached Rigdon in Quincy and offered church leaders title to land in Hancock County and additional land across the river in the Iowa Territory's Lee County. E 165 .A32 1952. In 1844, First Presidency member William Law — an important merchant and counselor to Smith — broke with the church president over both the issue of plural marriage and the legal issues in Nauvoo. In 1875, Hoeveler purchased the Baum Estate. In early 1839, Latter Day Saints were forced to flee Missouri as a result of the 1838 Mormon War and a legal proclamation known as Missouri Executive Order 44 issued by Governor Lilburn W. Boggs. AJD65158, Nauvoo, IL, Illinois, Nauvoo Temple, Mormon Church The LDS Mormon Nauvoo Temple in Nauvoo, Illinois. [13] The Latter Day Saints published two newspapers in the city, the religious and church-owned Times and Seasons and the secular and independently owned Wasp (later replaced by the Nauvoo Neighbor). Nauvoo during the Mormon period (1839 - 1846). Nauvoo went from being the state's largest city in 1844 to becoming all but a ghost town in the three years following the Mormon exodus. In 2001 the Sisters of St. Benedict, after having built a new monastery in Rock Island, departed Nauvoo. Smith then discussed the Mormon religion with them, followed by a feast and dancing by the Indians.[2][3]. The Salt Lake City Endowment House and early Utah temples, each with a series of four ordinance rooms through which patrons moved during the presentation of the endowment, followed this layout. The building measures 130 feet (40 m) long, 90 feet (27 m) wide, and 162 feet (49 m) tall to the top of the statue of angel Moroni, which sits atop the temple spire, in a pattern similar to the Salt Lake Temple. An extension of the Mormon belief of an imminent millennium, this council was meant to be a political organization which could immediately fill the roles of purely secular governments which would be destroyed at Christ's Second Coming. Nauvoo, Illinois: From Ecstasy to Exodus In all of Church history, perhaps nothing symbolizes the pragmatic nature of Latter-day Saint religion as does the city of Nauvoo. At its height Nauvoo's population was as large as Quincy's or Springfield's, although it remained smaller than contemporary Chicago, still in its infancy. [16] The council had little actual power, but remained in existence far after the Nauvoo period. The figure was positioned horizontally as if it were flying, clothed in a robe and cap. At the time of Nauvoo's foundation, the church was led by a First Presidency, consisting of a Prophet and two Counselors. Few people know that there’s an old Mormon town right here in Ilinois. c1987. In the spring of 1840, John C. Bennett, the Quarter Master General of the Illinois State Militia, converted to Mormonism and became Joseph Smith's friend and confidante. [6][7] They rejoined the Latter Day Saints in Commerce by May 1839. The building was damaged by fire and a tornado before being demolished. [17], Nevertheless, Joseph Smith ran for President of the United States in 1844 advocating for a "theodemocracy". Email. While driving down The Great River Road along the Mississippi River, a stopover in the historic town of Nauvoo, Illinois is a pleasant experience. BX 8693 .P74 1986. Although the local court exceeded their authority in some of these cases, in at least one instance Governor Ford honored the Nauvoo court's decision to deny extradition. Trials of Discipleship: The Story of William Clayton, A Mormon. Schedule: Summer: May – August. The temple was a focal point in the landscape of the city and in the lives of the Latter-day Saints. Law was excommunicated and founded a reformed church called the True Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Midnight Attacks and a Poisoned Spring. When the main body of the church was forced out of Nauvoo, Illinois in the winter of 1846, the church attempted to sell the building, finally succeeding in 1848. Scroll on to … After construction was completed, the new temple was dedicated for use by members of the LDS church on June 27, 2002. Allen, James B. The winter of … After its legal disincorporation, Nauvoo government and civil institutions were legally dissolved and the church administrative structure operated as a default government. Vigilante bands continued to roam the county, forcing Latter Day Saints in outlying areas to abandon their homes and gather in Nauvoo for protection. 350 N. Main Street, Nauvoo, IL 62354. Nauvoo, Illinois 62354 Events in Nauvoo. Nauvoo, Illinois 62354. … [11] After passing both houses of the Illinois Legislature, Governor Thomas Carlin signed the Nauvoo City Charter on December 16, 1840. The Nauvoo Temple was the second temple constructed by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, commonly known as the Mormons. Originally named St. Scholastica Academy, it opened on November 2, 1874. Some non-Mormons and disaffected church members in and around Hancock County began to call for Smith's arrest. These included baptism for the dead, rebaptism, the Nauvoo-era endowment, and the ordinance of the second anointing. Based closely on the Springfield, Illinois, charter, the document gave the city a number of important powers, including the establishment of the Municipal Court of Nauvoo, the University of Nauvoo, and an independent militia unit. Up to 1.5 million visitors a year have visited Nauvoo since the temple opened in 2002. The Nauvoo Legion, a militia with 2,000 men, was headed by Joseph Smith, who was given the commission of lieutenant-general by Illinois' Governor Carlin. A militia unit named the "Nauvoo Legion" was established, and Smith and Bennett were made its commanding generals. They regrouped in Quincy, whose non-Mormon citizens were shocked by the harsh treatment given them in Missouri and opened their homes to the refugees. Church leaders purchased this land as well as the mostly vacant Commerce plat in 1839, and Latter Day Saints began to settle the area immediately. At the direction of Joseph Smith, the west end of the attic story was divided by cloth partitions into four spaces used to administer the endowment. The foundation of the Nauvoo Temple was 83 by 128 feet (25 by 39 m) and, when finished, its steeple rose to a height of over 100 feet (30 m). By the end of 1845, it became clear that no peace was possible, and Young and the Twelve negotiated a truce so that the Latter Day Saints could prepare to abandon the city. Peter and Paul Elementary continues to provide education for grades PK-6. He continued to live in Nauvoo, which functioned as headquarters of this church (now known as the Community of Christ) until 1865. Latter-day Saint biographical encyclopedia : a compilation of biographical sketches of prominent men and women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . Three of the fewer than 150 Mormon defenders were killed, and skirmishing left wounded on both sides. Controversy arose because Smith's counselor in the First Presidency and Mayor, John C. Bennett, was caught in adultery (which Bennett considered and referred to as "spiritual wifery" or having multiple "spiritual" wives), claiming that Joseph Smith endorsed it and practiced it himself. After a succession crisis, Brigham Young gained support from the majority of church members and so controlled Nauvoo. Elements of Joseph Smith's generalized city plan, known as the "plat of Zion" (first introduced in 1833) were used in the street layout and lot allotments in Nauvoo. The city grew quickly as Mormons gathered. A Sunstone from the original Nauvoo Temple, For the original structure on the same site, see, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, "Mormon temple a tourism draw for tiny Nauvoo", "All Latter-day Saint temples to close due to coronavirus", Historic sites of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nauvoo_Illinois_Temple&oldid=985096926, Temples (LDS Church) in the United States, Buildings and structures in Hancock County, Illinois, Religious buildings and structures in Illinois, Religious buildings and structures completed in 2002, Tourist attractions in Hancock County, Illinois, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Limestone block quarried in Russellville, Alabama, This page was last edited on 23 October 2020, at 22:59.

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