In 1910, the Duchy of Brunswick had a population of 494,339 people. Proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, March 2001. The Wolfenbüttel Line retained its independence, except from 1807 to 1813, when it and Hanover were merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia. As he left no male heirs, the land passed to his younger brother, Ernest Augustus. Called. The Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg), colloquially Electorate of Hanover (Kurfürstentum Hannover or simply Kurhannover), was established in 1692 as the ninth Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire.. In 1440 divided Grubenhagen with his brother Albert. Sybille of Brunswick-Lüneburg: William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 3 June 1584 23 November 1617 19 January 1598 husband's death: 5 August 1652 Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst: Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst 25 September 1607 26 October 1623 11 August 1634 husband inherits Wolfenbüttel: 26 September 1634 Augustus II But his younger brother, Brother of Albert III, regent on behalf of his nephew, Eric. The Principality of Lüneburg emerged alongside the Principality of Brunswick in 1269 when the inheritance of the Duchy was divided. ***If you chose Registered mail then I accept full responsibility if the item is lost in the mail. The princes are numbered by the year of their succession. The dukedom emerged in 1235 from the allodial lands of the House of Welf in Saxony and was granted as an imperial fief to Otto the Child, a grandson of Henry the Lion. He was the last king of Hanover, as his reign ended with the, The regency came to an end on 1 November 1913 when Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover's son Ernest Augustus was permitted to ascend to Duchy following his marriage to Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia. Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig). Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick and Luneburg with her children George and Sophia Dorothea. Accordingly, he was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. No legitimate issue. In 1432, as a result of increasing tensions with the townsfolk of Brunswick, the Brunswick Line moved their Residence to Wolfenbüttel, into the water castle, which was expanded into a Schloss, whilst the town was developed into a royal seat. Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg was born on December 6 1502, in Celle, to Henry The Middle, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established a temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death. In 1269 divided the land with him, and became Prince of Luneburg. According to reports dating to 1677, Rudolf Augustus slashed a way through the Lechlum Forest, the. A work from the collections of the de Young and Legion of … It was not just happenstance but similar religious driven politics that brought about the circumstance that he was also put into the line of succession for the British crown by the Act of Settlement— which was written to ensure a Protestant succession to the thrones of Scotland and England at a time when anti-Catholic sentiment ran high in much of Northern Europe and much of Great Britain. France, the UK and the USA co-signed treaties that would have ousted Hanover and placed them in the hands of Charles II, had they followed through. Then, in 1827, Charles declared some of the laws made during his minority invalid, which caused conflicts. When Charles' brother William VIII arrived in Brunswick on 10 September, he was received joyfully by the people. Grubenhagen is definitively annexed to Lüneburg. Henry the Lion's grandson Otto the Child became duke of a part of Saxony in 1235, the new Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and died there in 1252.The duchy was divided several times during the High Middle Ages amongst various lines of the House of Welf. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library: referencedIn: Autograph File, E, 1564-1961. The white steed was said to be the emblem of the eighth century Saxon duke Widukind, who according to legend rode a black horse before his baptism and a white horse afterwards. It was thought that this faction would never be added ever since Cody's announcement that he had stopped developing the game, however, the faction ended up being included in the Brunswick Update. He then gave Calenberg to his next brother, John Frederick. The Wolfenbüttel Line retained its independence, except from 1807 to 1813, when it and Hanover were merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia. Link with Great Britain Civil Ensign 1727–1801. John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was born on April 25 1625, in Herzberg Am Harz, to George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt. Regent on behalf of the Duke of Brunswick, Charles. Coins: Brunswick-Lüneburg. The title "Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg" (German: Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg) was held, from 1235 on, by various members of the Welf (Guelph) family who ruled several small territories in northwest Germany. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 turned it into an independent state under the name Duchy of Brunswick. Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (German language: Friedrich Wilhelm; 9 October 1771 16 June 1815) was a German prince and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Oels. His absolutist governing style had alienated the nobility and bourgeoisie, while the lower classes were disaffected by the bad economic situation. Subsequently, the kingdom was lost in 1866 by his son George V of Hanover during the Austro-Prussian War when it was annexed by Prussia, and became the Prussian province of Hanover. The Duke of Cumberland's eldest son having died in 1912, the elderly Duke renounced Brunswick in favor of his youngest son, Ernest Augustus, who married Emperor Wilhelm II's daughter, swore allegiance to the German Empire, and renounced all claims to Hanover. Abdicated to his sons in 1491. Its name came from the two largest cities in the territory: Brunswick and Lüneburg. Sons of Albert II, ruled jointly. Fax: 202-955-0268 In 1432 the Principality of Calenberg, the later Electorate of Hanover, split from Brunswick(-Wolfenbüttel), and in 1705 acquired the territory of Lüneburg. Robinson, ed., Readings in European History 2 vols. Coincidentally, in 1701 the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg found himself in the line of succession for the British crown, later confirmed in 1707 by the Act of Union, which he subsequently inherited, thereby creating a personal union of the two crowns on 20 October 1714. Robinson's Note: In 1291 divided the land: Henry received Grubenhagen, William Wolfenbüttel and Albert Göttingen. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German : Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was a historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Early Modern era within the Holy Roman Empire. the Electorate of Hanover, circa 1789. Their son, Henry the Proud was the son-in-law and heir of Emperor Lothair of Supplinburg and became also duke of Saxony on Lothair's death. countries. interface language. Inherited Wolfenbüttel from his father. As he left no male descendants, the land had no heir and was occupied by the Principality of Wolfenbüttel. [1][2] By 1692, the territories had consolidated to two: the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. In 1269 the duchy was divided, Albert receiving the southern part of the state around Brunswick and John the northern territories in the area of Lüneburg. It’s a good idea for UK citizens to check with NaTHNaC (National Travel Health Network and Centre) at least 2 months before their trip to Brunswick and Lüneburg.. [8], In 1905, 450,760 people or 92.5% of the population adhered to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick. Wolfenbüttel was eventually awarded[by whom?] The number of simultaneously reigning dynastic lines varied from two to five. Younger son of William VI. At his death without male descendants, the land passed to his son-in-law, the, Sons of Augustus II, ruled jointly from 1685 to 1702. The Duchy of Brunswick was almost entirely surrounded by the Prussian Provinces of Hanover and Saxony, in the south-east it also bordered the Duchy of Anhalt and in the west the Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont and the Prussian Province of Westphalia. They were made Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235. Brunswick starts the game as a member of the Holy Roman Empire (HRE) and shares borders with multiple countries, including three HRE Electors — Brandenburg, Cologne and Saxony. The Hanoverians never ruled Brunswick while they held the British throne, as the city was part of neighbouring Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. While the Kingdom of Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866, the Duchy of Brunswick remained sovereign and independent. The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig). The standard of the dukes of Brunswick given by Siebmachers Wappenbuch, Nuremberg 1878, shows the white horse on a red cloth - this, however, is today assumed to have been in error. The first Hanoverian King of Great Britain, George I of Great Britain, was the reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and was finally made an official and recognized prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1708. At that point, the crown of Hanover went to William's younger brother, Ernest, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale under the Salic laws requiring the next male heir to inherit, whereas the British throne was inherited by an elder brother's only daughter, Queen Victoria. It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Website. However, since he still claimed to be the rightful King of Hanover, the Federal Council ruled that he would violate the peace of the German Empire if he succeeded to Brunswick. In the midst of the German revolutions of 1918, the Duke had to abdicate, and the Free State of Brunswick was founded as a member state of the Weimar Republic. She was married to Georg Ludwig of Hanover on November 18, 1682. PIC is the international leader in the provision of continuous genetic improvement in pig breeding stock and in world class technical support to the global pork supply chain. 1896]. Displayed on the shield are, from left to right, the blue lion of Lüneburg, the two lions of Brunswick, and the arms of the Counts of Eberstein, Homburg, Diepholz (upper half), Lauterberg, Hoya and Bruchhausen, Diepholz (lower half), Honstein, Regenstein, Klettenberg and Blankenburg. However, Henry used only a single lion as his symbol. [14] Eintracht Braunschweig, founded in 1895, quickly became one of the leading football clubs in Northern Germany. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 turned it into an independent state under the name Duchy of Brunswick. History Edit. After his death,according to the treaty, the duchy was returned to the Welfs. Shared rule with his brother John. In 1463, attached the. info@osullivanagencies.com. These recognitions were consistent with what transpired from his signed and sealed will dated the 12th of April 1873. All of its TV products are manufactured at a specially developed production facility in the North East of England and are distributed in the UK and Europe through major retailers offline and on. Brunonia, the national personification of Brunswick. All English Français. He went into exile for several years, but was then allowed to stay on the (allodial) estates inherited from his mother's side until the end of his life. In that manner, the "Electorate of Hanover" (the core duchy) was enlarged with the addition of other lands and became the kingdom of Hanover in 1814 at the peace conferences (Congress of Vienna) settling the future shape of Europe in the aftermath of the Napoleonic wars. Anna married Barnim Xi, Duke of Pomerania on February 2 1525, at age 22. Brunswick is a small, landlocked country in the North Germany region. To this day, the team plays in the colours blue and yellow, derived from the flag of Brunswick. This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 22:04. The duchy was located in … [15] It were Henry's sons from his marriage with Matilda of England, the future Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV and Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, who adapted the Royal Arms of England to display their royal lineage. With William's death in 1884, the Wolfenbüttel line came to an end. 1815 (0.39%) people were of Jewish faith. (Redirected from Prince of Lüneburg) The Principality of Lüneburg (later also referred to as Celle) was a territorial division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg within the Holy Roman Empire, immediately subordinate to the emperor. Henry retained Wolfenbüttel and Eric retained Calenberg. After a little over a decade, the matter of the disputed electorate was settled upon the heir, and the new Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (acceded as duke on 23 January 1698), George I Louis was able to style himself the Elector of Brunswick and Lüneburg from 1708. They offer vaccine recommendations and the latest news on outbreaks and other health risks as well as factsheets that contain useful information for staying healthy during your travel. From 1546 Wolfenbüttel became the residence of the senior prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg. As with most matters in Europe during these times, this was part of the centuries-long religious unrest accompanied by outright warfare (see Thirty Years' War) triggered by the zealous advocates on either side of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Brother of Christian Louis, George William and John Frederick. It had been a portion of the medieval Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He was the last Catholic of his family. [9], In 1905, out of 1,000 residents 455 were working in the industrial sector, mining or construction, 289 were working in agriculture and forestry, 121 in commerce, 57.3 were employed in the civil service and 70 were working in miscellaneous other professions.[9]. The use of the lion as a heraldic animal in the House of Guelph goes back to Henry the Lion in the 12th century at least. From 1291 to 1596 Grubenhagen was an independent principality, its first ruler being Henry the Admirable, son of Albert of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Left no descendants, and Calenberg was annexed to Wolfenbüttel. The Duchy remained independent and joined first the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire. Took the entire government of the duchy after the death of his nephew, the natural heir. All held the title Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.George died in 1641 and was succeeded by: Christian Louis, 1st son of Duke George, Prince of Calenberg (1641–1648) and Prince of Lüneburg (1648–1665).He relinquished Calenburg when he became Prince of Lüneburg. For the two largest states during most of the 18th century, see, Duchy in Holy Roman Empire 1235-1269; title of "Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg" used by rulers of all successor states, History of the subordinate principalities, Principality of Calenberg (later Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg), History of the relationship to the British Crown, Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg and successors, Partitions of Brunswick-Lüneburg under Welf rule. Colloquially the Electorate was also known as the Electorate of Hanover or as Kurhannover. After the latter's death William took his lands. Hanover being the Junior branch, and Wolfenbüttel the Elder. William left most government business to his ministers, and spent most of his time outside of his state at his possessions in Oels. In 1495 it was expanded around Göttingen and in 1584 went back to the Wolfenbüttel Line. Anúncios relacionados a: Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Ernest became Prince of Göttingen 1344–1367. In 1814 it was succeeded by the Kingdom of Hanover. He was the head of the Prussian Army; died in the Battle of Jena; because his son and heir died young, and two other sons were not eligible, rule passed to his youngest son. The Congress turned it into an independent country under the name Duchy of Brunswick. Otto restricted the rights of the knights and safeguarded public order. Worth - Brunswick-Lüneburg 1 thaler 1700-1711 in the coin catalog at uCoin.net - International Catalog of World Coins. Princess of Ahlden, de jure Queen of Great Britain. 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