[32] Segments of the Book of Mormon—1 Nephi chapters 20–21 and 2 Nephi chapters 7–8 and 12–24—match nearly word-for-word Isaiah 48:1–52:2 and 2–14 (respectively). The Book of Mormon re-centers the story of Jesus on the Americas, and the faith, which was founded in the 19th century, also tells the story through a very American lens. Joseph Smith and The Origin of The Book of Mormon . [95], Mormons have a strong sense of communality that stems from their doctrine and history. The only known manuscript was discovered in 1884 and now resides at Oberlin College in Ohio. Mormons have developed a strong sense of commonality that stems from their doctrine and history. (2 Nephi 29:2), "a narrow neck of land is interposed betwixt two vast oceans" (p. 598), "the narrow neck of land, by the place where the sea divides the land" (Ether 10:20), "From whence no traveller returns" (p. 469), "from whence no traveller can return" (2 Nephi 1:14), "Darkness which may be felt. Who was it? [67] The relatively peaceful Utah War ensued from 1857 to 1858, in which the most notable instance of violence was the Mountain Meadows massacre, when leaders of a local Mormon militia ordered the killing of a civilian emigrant party that was traveling through Utah during the escalating tensions. [9] Critics long speculated that Smith had access to the original script and that Smith heavily plagiarized it for the Book of Mormon. [134] Liberal Mormons place doing good and loving fellow human beings above the importance of believing correctly. Behold, I have dreamed a dream" (1 Nephi 8:2), "[T]hose far distant savages have (as have all other tribes) their Great Spirit, who made everything" (p. 103), "Believest thou that this Great Spirit which is God, created all things ... And he saith, Yea, I believe that he created all things" (Alma 18:28–29), "[T]he places ... are noted; among which are 'the isles of the sea'". The center of Mormon cultural influence is in Utah, and North America has more Mormons than any other continent, although the majority of Mormons live outside the United States. The Story of the Mormons, from the date of their origin to the year 1901 - Kindle edition by Linn, William Alexander. My sincere desire is that the world may be benefited by this plain and simple statement of the truth. Other doctrinal and historical legacies have also greatly impacted the development of Mormon culture. [140], Mormons believe in "a friendly universe", governed by a God whose aim it is to bring his children to immortality and eternal life. [6] Near the end of Moroni's life (approximately AD 421), he placed these plates along with several other items in a stone box in a hillside (now named Cumorah) near present-day Palmyra, New York. [7][8] Smith was commanded to show the plates to only certain people. [85] Black membership has continued to grow substantially, especially in West Africa, where two temples have been built. [126] Activity rates tend to vary with age, and disengagement occurs most frequently between age 16 and 25. After Smith's death in 1844 the movement split into several groups following different leaders; the majority followed Brigham Young, while smaller groups followed Joseph Smith III, Sidney Rigdon, and James Strang. [153], The LDS Church has a top-down hierarchical structure with a president–prophet dictating revelations for the entire church. [35], The Kirtland era ended in 1838, after the failure of a church-sponsored anti-bank caused widespread defections,[36] and Smith regrouped with the remaining church in Far West, Missouri. [66] In 1857, U.S. President James Buchanan sent an army to Utah, which Mormons interpreted as open aggression against them. Mormons believe that God restored the early Christian church through Joseph Smith. From Darkness Unto Light: Joseph Smith's Translation and Publication of the Book of Mormon. [150] I also spake unto him that I should carry the engravings, which were upon the plates of brass" (1 Nephi 4:20,24), "Then the king, in closing the place, made it holy ... many men call it Nephi". [119] Many of these individuals have come forward through different support groups or websites discussing their homosexual attractions and concurrent church membership.[120][121][122]. Through the power of God and the Urim and Thummim (ancient seeing stones buried with the plates), he was able to translate the Reformed Egyptian inscriptions. After the Manifesto, some Mormons continued to enter into polygamous marriages, but these eventually stopped in 1904 when church president Joseph F. Smith disavowed polygamy before Congress and issued a "Second Manifesto" calling for all plural marriages in the church to cease. She wrote that Joseph "could neither write nor dictate a coherent and well-worded letter, let alone dictat[e] a book like the Book of Mormon."[23]. Mormon parents hope and pray that their children will gain testimonies of the "gospel"[vague] so they can grow up and marry in temples. Prior to his book's publication, Ethan Smith advocated his views regarding the origins of Native Americans in sermons to his congregations. According to these histories, only after his own baptism did Rigdon travel to New York, first meeting Smith in December 1830, nine months after the Book of Mormon's publication. [54] Having failed to build Zion within the confines of American society, the Mormons began to construct a society in isolation, based on their beliefs and values. Palmer, Grant. Mormon history can be divided into three broad time periods: (1) the early history during the lifetime of Joseph Smith, (2) a "pioneer era" under the leadership of Brigham Youngand his successors, and (3) a modern era beginning around the turn of the 20th century. As of December 2019, the LDS Church reported having 16,565,036 members worldwide. A detailed examination by historians of Mormonism's origins. This passage addresses believers holding snakes and drinking poison; however, it does not appear in many early biblical manuscripts and is widely believed to have been composed in the 2nd century. Most other purported similarities, attested by various witness affidavits gathered by Doctor Philastus Hurlbut, were nonexistent. ... [To] behold the banner of salvation now erected for his ancient people. Smith created a service organization for women called the Relief Society, as well as an organization called the Council of Fifty, representing a future theodemocratic "Kingdom of God" on the earth. Latter-day Saints are counseled not to partake of any form of media that is obscene or pornographic in any way, including media that depicts graphic representations of sex or violence. By Smith's account, on September 21, 1823, this same Moroni, now an angel, appeared to Smith to instruct him about this ancient record and its destined translation into English. By this definition, the teachings of Smith's successors are also accepted as scripture, though they are always measured against, and draw heavily from the scriptural canon. Early Mormonism and the Magic World View. Mormons have a scriptural canon consisting of the Bible (both Old and New Testaments), the Book of Mormon, and a collection of revelations and writings by Joseph Smith known as the Doctrine and Covenants and Pearl of Great Price. [65], By 1857, tensions had again escalated between Mormons and other Americans, largely as a result of accusations involving polygamy and the theocratic rule of the Utah Territory by Brigham Young. [9] Once the manuscript was available for study, most critics discarded this theory because the "extensive parallels" were only of a few minor details: intercontinental seafaring, the existence (and use) of a seer stone, and the discovery of records under a stone (Latin parchments vs. golden plates with "reformed Egyptian" inscriptions). The claim is also made that Smith was aided in the creation of the Book of Mormon by one or more co-authors, such as Sidney Rigdon or Oliver Cowdery. [136][124][137] Usually this is a result of having been raised in the LDS faith, or as having converted and spent a large portion of one's life as an active member of the LDS Church. The church is divided by locality into congregations called "wards", with several wards or branches to create a "stake". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), more commonly known as the "Mormon" church, is a religion derived from Christianity that traces its origins to Joseph Smith. [11] Patriot. [59] Converts were expected to "gather" to Zion, and during Young's presidency (1847–77) over seventy thousand Mormon converts immigrated to America. [29][33][39] Book of Mormon witness and scribe Oliver Cowdery, and his family, had attended Ethan Smith's church since November 1821. Oliver Cowdery's wife confirmed, after Cowdery's death, that he had never denied his testimony as one of the Three Witnesses: He always without one doubt or shudder of turning affirmed the divinity and truth of the Book of Mormon.[10]. [129] Former Latter-day Saints who seek to disassociate themselves from the religion are often referred to as ex-Mormons. In 1929, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir began broadcasting a weekly performance on national radio, becoming an asset for public relations. During the pioneer era, Zion became a "landscape of villages" in Utah. The Book of Mormon is also believed to have been written by ancient prophets, and is viewed as a companion to the Bible. In addition to believing that … He did. Mormons have a health code which eschews alcoholic beverages, tobacco, "hot drinks" (later only tea and coffee), and addictive substances. Roberts continued to publicly support the miraculous origin theory of the Book of Mormon. Both Rigdon and Cowdery had more formal education than Smith. The most important part of the church services is considered to be the Lord's Supper (commonly called sacrament), in which church members renew covenants made at baptism. [98] Practices common to Mormons include studying scriptures, praying daily, fasting regularly, attending Sunday worship services, participating in church programs and activities on weekdays, and refraining from work on Sundays when possible. I was present at the death bed of Oliver Cowdery, and his last words were, 'Brother David, be true to your testimony to the Book of Mormon.'[12]. In particular, Mormons believe that angels such as Peter, James, John, John the Baptist, Moses, and Elijah appeared to Smith and others and bestowed various priesthood authorities on them. [53], For two years after Smith's death, conflicts escalated between Mormons and other Illinois residents. According to some, the simplest explanation is that Joseph Smith authored the Book of Mormon himself, without the intentional complicity of anyone else. In 1843, a year before his death, he was meeting with a … In 2013, The Late War was the subject of discussion among both ex-Mormons and Mormon apologists. Smith also published an updated account of his First Vision, in which he claimed that Father and the Son appeared to him while he was about 14 years old. He argues that it essentially summarizes the basic narrative of the Book of Mormon, including the split into two factions (civilized and savage). [25] In 1832, Smith added an account of a vision he had sometime in the early 1820s while living in Upstate New York . [84] In general, Mormons greeted the change with joy and relief. ... labouring to follow the rules of an abridgment. ", "New Order Mormon Essays: The Paradox of the Faithful Unbeliever", "What Mormons Believe About Jesus Christ", "Romney's Mormon Faith Likely a Factor in Primaries, Not in a General Election", "The Reconstruction of Mormon Doctrine: From Joseph Smith to Progressive Theology", "The Significance of Joseph Smith's First Vision in Mormon Thought", "Quest for Refuge: The Mormon Flight from American Pluralism", List of Reorganized Restorationist churches, Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) history, Doctrine and Covenants (Book of Commandments), Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mormons&oldid=997178448, Articles with dead external links from August 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2019, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Critics of the Book of Mormon cite a number of works that could have served as sources for the Book of Mormon. Mormons believe in the Bible, as well as other books of scripture, such as the Book of Mormon. [50][51] Critics assert that the narrative could have been completely based on the biblical texts in Isaiah 5 and Romans 11 and point out that midway through Jacob 5 Smith switches from an allegory of a single olive tree to an allegory of a vineyard, reflecting his imperfect use of the biblical texts.[52]. After four years of annually meeting with the angel, Smith was finally entrusted with the plates. [87], The LDS Church grew rapidly after World War II and became a worldwide organization as missionaries were sent across the globe. Elizabeth Cowdery to David Whitmer, March 8, 1887, published in the religious periodical The Return 3, no. [130] There are a number of fundamentalist sects, the largest two being the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church) and the Apostolic United Brethren (AUB). [144] To be accepted into the highest kingdom, a person must fully accept Christ through faith, repentance, and through ordinances such as baptism and the laying on of hands. [70], At Young's death in 1877, he was followed by other LDS Church presidents, who resisted efforts by the United States Congress to outlaw Mormon polygamous marriages. ", "More Members Now outside U.S. Than in U.S", "2012 Statistical Report for 2013 April General Conference", "New almanac offers look at the world of Mormon membership", "The Global Distribution of Adventists and Mormons in 2007", "Reinventing Mormonism: Guatemala as Harbinger of the Future? [105] The vast majority of church leadership positions are lay positions, and church leaders may work 10 to 15 hours a week in unpaid church service. [83] The church was sharply criticized for its policy during the civil rights movement, but the policy remained in force until a 1978 reversal that was prompted in part by questions about mixed-race converts in Brazil. Mormon history is largely a repeating pattern: LDS members form an insular community somewhere, buy and sell principally with each other and dominate the local economy and political scene, followed by harassment and violence from the area’s prior residents, leading to guerrilla warfare and the expulsion of the Mormons to a new territory, where it all started again. For argument regarding Joseph's authorship, see Robert A. Rees,", For arguments regarding Manuscript Story, see Brown, Matthew, ", harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFPersuitte2000 (, For argument regarding "The Golden Pot: A Modern Fairy Tale, see ", The Testaments of One Fold and One Shepherd, Spalding–Rigdon theory of Book of Mormon authorship, The Book of Mormon and the King James Bible, extensive military fortifications with military observatories or "watch towers", "Gospel Topics – Book of Mormon Translation", "Why is the phrase 'and it came to pass' so prevalent in the Book of Mormon? Another purported source of the Book of Mormon is View of the Hebrews, first published in 1823 by Ethan Smith (no relation), a pastor in Poultney, Vermont. [citation needed] Most histories state that Rigdon learned of the Book of Mormon from Parley P. Pratt, a member of Rigdon's Kirtland congregation, who had joined the Church of Christ in Palmyra in September 1830. Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry (CARM). After Stan professes his ignorance of the Joseph Smith story, Gary's Father begins telling the story of the Mormon prophet's vision. The LDS Church seeks to distance itself from all such polygamous groups, excommunicating their members if discovered practicing or teaching it,[131] and today a majority of Mormon fundamentalists have never been members of the LDS Church.[132]. [39] Between November and April, some eight thousand displaced Mormons migrated east into Illinois. (Nonetheless, whether they live in Utah or elsewhere in the U.S., Mormons tend to be more culturally and/or politically conservative than members of other U.S. religious groups. The majority of modern scholars have accepted that the sources used for the King James Version of the Bible were not the earliest or most reliable sources (see Alexandrian text-type and Dead Sea scrolls). Mormons believe in the concept of creation according to Genesis, but they also give some additional information based on several other texts from Moses, Abraham, and texts of Joseph Smith. Your mother and sister, Mrs. Athalia Robinson, were present when that book was handed to me in Mentor, Ohio, and all I ever knew about the origin of [the Book of Mormon] was what Parley P. Pratt, Oliver Cowdery, Joseph Smith and the witnesses who claimed they saw the plates have told me, and in all of my intimacy with Joseph Smith he never told me but one story.[9]. I write a small abridgement." Alleged similarities include: The Late War is an account of the War of 1812 which is written in the style of the King James Bible. (3 Nephi 8:20–23). The Church of Christ (now officially The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saint) was organized with six founding members in Fayette, New York, on April 6, 1830. ", "Book of Mormon/Plagiarism accusations/Joseph Smith, Sr.'s dream and Lehi's vision - FairMormon", No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith, "E. D. Howe's Mormonism Unvailed, Part 5 of 5", "Changing the Revelations, The Case Against Mormonism Chapter 6", Book of Mormon/Authorship theories/Golden Pot, page scans at Hathi Trust (copyright page), "The Late War Against the Book of Mormon", "A Bayesian Cease-Fire in the Late War on the Book of Mormon", "The Allegory of the Olive Tree - Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship", http://www.mormonthink.com/book-of-mormon-problems.htm#Bible, "The Structure of the Book of Mormon: A Theory of Evolutionary Development", "Who Really Wrote the Book of Mormon? There are thought to be between 20,000 and 60,000 members of fundamentalist sects, (0.1–0.4 percent of Mormons), with roughly half of them practicing polygamy. Advert. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading The Story of the Mormons, from the date of their origin to the year 1901. ... [T]he darkness lasted for three days." [76] As Mormons spread out, church leaders created programs that would help preserve the tight-knit community feel of Mormon culture. . Yes, they really believe this. [77] In addition to weekly worship services, Mormons began participating in numerous programs such as Boy Scouting, a Young Women organization, church-sponsored dances, ward basketball, camping trips, plays, and religious education programs for youth and college students. I had made an abridgement from the plates of Nephi. Howe possessed the manuscript at the time of the Book of Mormon publication. It has been claimed that the books of the Apocrypha were a source for the Book of Mormon. [146] It was marked with the corruption of Christian doctrine by Greek and other philosophies,[147] with followers dividing into different ideological groups. Mormons see the extensive use of the phrase "And it came to pass" to be a result of the alleged ancient prophet authors' use of the Hebraic transition word "wayehi". (See: A Mormon scripture describing the ancient city of, "In Missouri and Illinois, Zion had been a city; in Utah, it was a landscape of villages; in the urban diaspora, it was the ward with its extensive programs. [47] Smith used his political office and the city militia to destroy the press of a newspaper exposing Smith's practice of polygamy, which led to Smith being arrested on charges of treason. [61], In 1852, church leaders publicized the previously secret practice of plural marriage, a form of polygamy. 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